Dental Cavities

Next to the common cold, cavities are among the most prevalent human disorders.

“Cavities” is another way of referring to tooth decay, which is influenced heavily by our lifestyles. The kinds of food we eat, our oral hygiene, the presence of fluoride in our water and toothpaste, and even genetics help determine our level of oral health.

Cavities tend to be more prevalent among children, but adults are not exempt from the risk. In fact, adults who suffer from chronic dry mouth are particularly susceptible to cavities.

Because cavities develop below the tooth’s surface, only a trip to the dentist can determine whether one exists. Cavities are caused by bacteria in the mouth that convert foods, especially those with sugars and starches, into acids that eat into the tooth. Sticky foods can cause more decay than non-sticky foods because they remain on the surface of the teeth.

As this process continues, the tooth enamel breaks down beneath the tooth’s surface, but leaves the surface intact. When enough of the sub-surface enamel is eaten away, the surface collapses and forms a cavity.

Cavities can occur in several areas of the mouth. They can form between teeth, near the gum line and in pits on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth.

Treating a cavity once it has been detected by a dental professional is important. If left untreated, a cavity can destroy the entire tooth and kill the nerves at its center. That can result in an abscess- an infection at the root tip. An abscess can only be treated with a root canal, surgery or by extracting the tooth.

The types of cavities include:
• Coronal cavities- these are the most common type of cavity. They occur in children and adults and most often are found on chewing surfaces or between the teeth.
• Root cavities- as we age, our gums recede and leave parts of the tooth root exposed. Because no enamel covers these roots, the exposed areas decay more easily.
• Recurrent decay- decay can form around existing fillings and crowns because these areas may have a tendency to accumulate plaque, which can ultimately lead to decay.